"Theorycraft is the attempt to mathematically analyze game mechanics in order to gain a better understanding of the inner workings of the game."
As it applies to World of Warcraft, theorycrafting usually involves analyzing stats and spell rotations to optimize damage output. In this article, I'll go over the basics of WoW's spell mechanics in order to lay the foundations for more substantial theorycrafting.
Note: Although I'm starting with the basics, this series of articles will culminate with the creation of a simulation program. Some knowledge of Java might be helpful, but will not be necessary.